Abe Lincoln Essays - Assassination Of Abraham Lincoln,

Abe Lincoln Abraham Lincoln's assassination was a malevolent ending to an already bitter and spiteful event in American history, the Civil War. John Wilkes Booth and his group of co-conspirators developed plans in the late summer of 1864 to only kidnap the President and take him the Confederate capital of Richmond and hold him in return for Confederate prisoners of war. Booth's group of conspirators: Samuel Arnold, Michael O'Laughlen, John Surratt, Lewis Paine, George Atzerodt, David Herold, and Mary Surratt (John's wife), made plans on March 17, 1865, to capture Lincoln, who was scheduled to see a play at a hospital in the outskirts of Washington. However, Lincoln changed plans and remained in the capital ("Booth" 98) On April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox. Two days later Lincoln delivered a speech in front of the White House to a group that had gathered outside. Booth, being present in this group, heard Lincoln suggest that certain voting rights should be granted to the blacks. Infuriated, being a racist, Booth's plans now turned from the kidnapping of Lincoln to his assassination (Lewis, Neely 115) Three days before his assassination Lincoln told of a dream he had to his wife and one of his friends, Ward Hill Lamon. According to Lamon, the President said: "About ten days ago, I retired very late. I had been waiting up for some important dispatches from the front. I could not have been long in bed when I fell into a slumber, for I was weary. I soon began to dream. There seemed to be a death-like stillness about me. Then I heard subdued sobs, as if a number of people were weeping. I thought I left my bed and wandered downstairs. There the silence was broken by the same pitiful sobbing, but the mourners were invisible. I went from room to room; no living person was in sight, but the same mournful sounds of distress met me as I passed along. I saw light in all the rooms; every object was familiar to me; but where were all the people who were grieving as if their hearts would break? I was puzzled and alarmed. What could be the meaning of all this? Determined to find the cause of the state of things so mysterious and shocking, I kept on until I arrived at the East Room, which I entered. There I met a sickening surprise. Before me was a catafalque, on which rested a corpse wrapped in funeral vestments. Around it were stationed soldiers who were acting as guards; and there was a throng of people, gazing mournfully upon the corpse, whose face was covered, others weeping pitifully. ?Who is dead in the White House?' I demanded of one of the soldiers, ?The President,' was his answer; ?he was killed by an assassin.' Then came a loud burst of grief from the crows, which woke me from my dream. I slept no more that night; and although it was only a dream, I have been strangely annoyed by it ever since."((Online) http://members.aol.com...) Was it possible that President Lincoln knew of his assassination before it actually happened? On the morning of Friday, April 14, Booth stopped by Ford's Theatre and found out that President Lincoln and General Grant were planning on attending the evening performance of Our American Cousin. Booth then held one final meeting with the conspirators and said he would kill Lincoln at the theater, he had found out that Grant had left town. Atzerodt was to kill the Vice-President Andrew Johnson at Kirkwood House where he resided. Powell and Herold were assigned to kill the Secretary of State William Seward. Both attacks were scheduled to take place simultaneously at approximately 10:15 p.m. that night. Booth hoped that the resulting chaos and weakness in the government could lead to a comeback for the South (:Lewis, Neely 187) At about 7:00 p.m. William H. Crook, Lincoln's bodyguard, was relieved three hours late by John Parker. Parker was told to be on hand at Ford's Theatre when the Presidential party got there. Crook said, "Good night, Mr. Lincoln." The President replied, "Good-bye, Crook." According to Crook this was a first. Lincoln ALWAYS previously said, "Good night, Crook."(Reck 148) Around 8:00 p.m. the Lincolns left the White House in a stage coach and proceeded to pick up Clara Harris and Major Rathbone. Parker led the way into the theater, with the play already in progress. When Lincoln entered the acting stopped and they played "Hail to the Chief." The audience rose to

Individual Achievement Tests for Special Education Students

Individual Achievement Tests for Special Education Students Individualized achievement tests are useful for assessing a students academic abilities. They are designed to measure both pre-academic and academic behavior- from the ability to match pictures and letters to more advanced literacy and mathematical skills. They can be helpful in assessing needs, monitoring a student’s progress, diagnosing a student with a learning disability or identifying benchmarks on a student’s Individualized Education Program, which the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act requires special needs students to have. A team made up of teachers, parents and others develop the program and update it periodically to meet students’ needs as they grow. 1. The Woodcock Johnson Test of Achievement The Woodcock Johnson Test of Achievement is another individualized test that measures academic areas and is appropriate for children from the ages of 4 to young adults to 20 and a half. The tester finds a base of a designated number of consecutive correct answers and works to a ceiling of the same incorrect consecutive answers. The highest number correct, minus any incorrect responses, provide a standard score, which is quickly converted into a grade equivalent or age equivalent. The Woodcock Johnson also provides diagnostic information as well as grade level performances on discrete literacy and mathematical skills, from letter recognition to mathematical fluency. 2. The Brigance Comprehensive Inventory of Basic Skills The Brigance Comprehensive Inventory of Basic Skills is another well-known, well-accepted criterion based and normed individual achievement test. The Brigance provides diagnostic information on reading, math and other academic skills. As well as being one of the least expensive assessment instruments, the publisher provides software to help write IEP goals based on the assessments called Goals and Objective Writers Software, which sells for $59.95. 3. KeyMath 3 Diagnostic Assessment KeyMath 3 Diagnostic Assessment is both a diagnostic and progress monitoring tool for math skills. Broken into three areas: Basic Concepts, Operations and Applications, the instrument provides scores for each area as well as each of the 10 subtests. Along with the flip chart books and test booklets, KeyMath also provides scoring software, to generate scores and reports.

E.G'S Refutation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

E.G'S Refutation - Essay Example this. In order to prove our position, we will be examining both sides of the story, as well as comparing his opinion with others in order to be able to better understand his position. By using the available research and literature that is available, in this paper will be able to be proved is the matter of how Gettier's opinion does have reason. This is what will be dissertated in the following. There are actually many different points that can be used in order to prove Gettier's opinion as being intelligent and basically correct, and several of these in particular will be used here. Edmond Gettier is an American philosopher and Professor Emeritus at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, and he is most noted for that of his refutation of the principle of deduction for justification, which was most aptly described in an article which he wrote. In this article, Gettier was incredibly outright in his position, and he challenges the justified true belief definition of knowledge, and this definition of knowledge dates as far back as Plato's Theaetetus. One of the biggest disputes in regards to Gettier's refutation is the fact that it 'had already been done', in particular by the work of Wittgenstein; at first his account was widely accepted, by most philosophers in fact, however it was the actual validity of his article that was put into question. His criticism of the Just ified True Belief model is definitely systematic, and in his article he provides several incredibly significant and influential examples of beliefs, of which are both true and justified. However, although they are - and for the most part always have been - considered as being true and justified, it has yet been considered that we should not classify this as being actual knowledge. There are certain opinions that have been made in regards to Gettier's work, and this includes the fact that Gettier's use of 'justification' is too broad, for example, and that he should not use it overly, as it is considered that only some kinds of justification count; some believe that his examples do not count as justification at all; as well, Robert Nozick, who was an American philosopher and professor, suggested in this regards that knowledge absolutely must consist of only justified true belief that is held in such a way that if, say, it turned out to be false, would not have been held. In order to prove the fact that Gettier's work and refutation was actually worthwhile and influencing, we must include the opinion of someone whose views went against his, such as Kwame Anthony Appiah. In Appiah's most noted book, Thinking it Through: An Introduction to Contemporary Philosophy, he offers an incredibly thorough introduction to contemporary philosophy, and as well he answers some of the most crucial questions in regards to human existence overall. Appiah, a Princeton philosophy professor, overtly attempts to